The traditional method for connecting a Java application to a database was JDBC (Java Database Connectivity). JDBC connections were causing tedious issues because mapping the database with an application required many lines of code. The mapping process in ORM only needed a few lines of code. ORM has recently gained popularity and is preferred by many developers. A wide range of ORM software supports the Java programming language. However, Hibernate is the most popular and widely used because it provides a complete ORM solution. Join the Hibernate Training in Chennai at FITA Academy to learn more about Hibernate Technology. It offers advanced training, certification, and job placement assistance.
In this blog, Let us discuss the Hibernate Framework Architecture.
What is Hibernate Framework?
Hibernate is a Java persistence framework that is open source and based on object-relational mapping (ORM). It is a mapping tool for Java ORM. Hibernate was designed to reduce the complexity of connecting to a relational database using Java. Hibernate is a framework for mapping Java objects into relational databases to implement object-oriented programming. To execute queries, Hibernate connects to a relational database in the following manner:
- Hibernate connects directly to the specified database, executes queries, and maps query results to java objects using the hibernate query language (HQL).
- Hibernate maps query results to java objects using properties defined in the Hibernate configuration XML file.
- A session is used to create the database connection, which aids in saving and retrieving the persistent java object.
- The Session factory interface is used to create the session.
- In an ideal world, each database should have only one session factory.
Hibernate Framework Architecture
Hibernate conforms to a layered architecture with the following layers:
- Java application layer
- Hibernate layer
- Backend API Layer
- Database Layer
The following components are found in the Hibernate layer:
- Hibernate Configuration Object
- Session Factory
- Session
- Transaction
- Query Object
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Hibernate Configuration Object
This is the first object that must be created to connect to a database using hibernate. It should be made only once during application startup. The configuration object includes the following features:
Database Connection: One or more configuration files are used to connect to the database. The files hibernated.properties and hibernate.cfg.xml are the files.
Mapping: This makes a connection between Java classes and relational database tables.
Session Factory
The configuration object created in step 1 is used to create a session factory object, which prepares the hibernate configuration using the provided configuration file and makes room for creating a session object. Because the session factory is a large object, it is usually only created once during the application’s initialization. Multiple session factory objects are required if connections to various databases are to be established. A session factory is also a thread-safe object.
Session
The session object establishes a physical connection to the database. It is a lightweight object that should be created each time a database interaction is required. Only the session object can be used if an object needs to be persisted or retrieved. Because session objects are not thread-safe, they should be closed as soon as the required operation is completed.
Transaction
It is an optional object that represents a unit of database work. A transaction object ensures that all or none of the operations must execute. It is a single-threaded and temporary object.
Query Object
This object retrieves data from the database and instantiates objects using a structured query language (SQL) or Hibernate Query Language (HQL). A Query object can be used to limit the query’s output, bind query parameters, and execute the query.
Conclusion
We’ve learned from this blog about the Hibernate Framework Architecture. If you are interested in learning Hibernate technology, join the Spring Hibernate Training in Chennai. It provides you with advanced training with professional faculty. So that you can develop your career. Also, it provides you with a certificate and placement assistance.
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